Colloid mill



Nov. 22, 1927.

L. A. MoLlN COLLOID MILL Filed Dec. 17, 1925 f5 sheets-sheet 1 ff r ORNEY Nov. r22, 1927. 1,650,088

L. A. MoLlN coLLoID 1111.1.

Filed Dec. 17, 1925 :5 sheets-Sheet 2 (rou/6 l v E y ZNTOR/ 35 1 l fd I g r.

Nov. 22, 1927.

3 SheetS-.Sheet 5 L. A. MOLIN COLLOID MILL Filed Dec. 17, 1925 TORNEIYA Patented Nov. 22, 41927.

UNITED STATES 1,650,088 PATENT OFFICE.

',oUIs A. inoLIN, or :NEW Yoan, N. Y'.

coLLoID MILL.

-Application led December 17, 1925. serial No. 76,067.

This invention relates to the improved colloid mills and an improved method of homogenizing emulsions.

An object of the invention is to provide an i improved means for homogenizing the emulsificatio'n of two or vmore immiscible ingredients at least one of which is a fluid, by subjecting the ingredients to a stage of general emulsification and thereafter to a stage of controlled time period and controlled inten-` time period of treatment at such emulsifying l stage is regulated as desired. f

One form of my colloid mill comprises a l rotor of cylindrical form, the circular or peripheral surface of which combined with the surface of a suitably associated member to constitute the initial emulsifying stage and a flat face of the cylindrical rotor combines with a suitably associated flange member of regulatable effective extent for determining the time period of treatment and adjustable means for mounting the cylindrical rotor to regulate the clearance and shearing effect of the subsequent treatment stage.

Preferably, such cylindrical rotor is associated with an outer rotor and the two rotors are rotated in opposite directions, thereby increasing the relative shearing forces Yat both or all the emulsifying stages.

'In the most preferred form of carrying out my invention, and also exemplifying the most preferred form of mymachine, such machine comprises a liquid-tight casing having `oppositely disposed central flanges for receiving suitable bearings, a hollow or outer rot-or element disposed within the cylindrical casing and mounted on and driven by a hollow shaft supported by bearings enclosed within said oppositely disposed central flanges, a pulley for rotating such hollow shaft, a' second or inner rotor element disposed within said hollow rotor element and, mounted on and driven by a shaft supported by suitable bearings and disposed within said first-named hollow shaft, a pulley carried by said second-named shaft for rotating said inner rotor and preferably in the opposite direction, said secondnamedshaft being hollow for. a part ofvlits length extending from oneof its ends, suitable means serving as an inlet for the in'- gredients to be homogenized, an intermediate portion of said second-named hollow shaft being provided with passages communicating with suitable passages through'said inner rotor. to afford a path radially of and within said 4inner rotor for the liquids to be homogenized. The emulsifying of the ingredients in film form is effected at two stages, one stage ensuing between the cylindrical face of the hollow or outer rotor and the second stage ensuing between the flat, oppositely disposed circular surfaces of said inner rotor and the inner flat surfaces of the flanges of the outer rotor. Suitable openings are provided within the flanges of said outer rotor for vthe discharge of the homogenized mixture into the casing-'from which it is discharged as desired. i

Pursuant to my method, 'the effective flange length of the hollow or outer rotor member is selected to thereby determine the time interval of treatment of the mixture at the .subsequent or final stage and thereby regulate the period of treatment of the mixture at the initial stage and acco-rdingly of' the total period of the emulsifying ,treatment of the mixture.

The outer diameter of the inner rotor member and the inner diameter of the outer rotor member are selected to provide the desired magnitude of clearance between the respective rotor members when moving in opposite directions at the initial stage. The hollow or outer rotor member is preferably formed of mutually telescoping parts, respectively integral with or secured to oppositely extending shaft ends and provided withsuitable clearance regulating means for adjusting the respective clearances between the flat faces of the inner rotor member and the flat inner faces-of the outer, hollow mem ber for regulating the magnitude of the clearance of the subsequent or final treatment stage. i

The body of the casing is preferably hollow to provide for circulating a cooling Huid or for a heating fluid as may be desired for the respective mixtures to beemulsified.

- If desired, the inner rotor member may be yof a plurality of corresponding elements, re-l. A

spectively -adjustably mounted on a common shaft yor on separate -shafts and common clearance regulating means provided for adjustably setting such corresponding elements to thereby regulate the effective shearing forces at the respective subsequent or final emulsifying stages. K

/Pursuant to my method and in carrying ut the operation of my machine, the mixture i ture is delivered into lthe casing. The discharge of the emulsiiied mixture from the casing is expedited bythe centrifugal force applied thereby by theV outer rotor member.

Pursuant to my method, `a set'of outer rotor .members of different effective flange lengthsmay be employed for a single inner rotor member for assembly in the same casing, for deriving variable time periods of treatment for the various charac-ters of mixtures to be homogenized. l

M invention is 4applicablel for obtaining allI orms of emulsions and colloids in the various arts such as ice-cream and the like, milk of magnesia, cod liver oil emulsions and other pharmaceutical preparations, oilasphalt sus ensions, paints and so forth.

Further eatures and objects of the invention will be more ful-ly understood from the following detail description and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical, central, sectionall elevation of a preferred form of my colloidal mi l;

, Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation, on a slightly reduced scale, on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is va vertical, central, sectional ele-` vation showing a modification; f

Fig. 5 is an end view at the right-hand end of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 6 is a. sectionalelevation on 'line 6 6 of F1g. 4.

Referring to the drawings, the casing is of substantially cylindrical form of the required dimensions. In the particular embodimentsof colloid mill illustrated inthe drawings, the casing comprises the frame plates 10, 11 dis osed on and secured to the opposite sides o the central frame memberv 12. The lowerly arm 13 supporting; the

Such step4 of the regulation of thev right-hand bearing is secured toor otherwise integralwith a lowerly portion \of the right-hand vframe plate 10 and symmetrically disposed bearing supporting arms 14 (one only being illustrated -in Fig. l) are secured to or cast integral with the upper portions of the right-hand frame plate 10. The three bearing supporting arms 15, 16, 17, see also Fig. 3, are respectively secured to the central and upper portions of the lefthand frame plate 11, and are-usually cast integrally therewith.

- The right-hand frame plate 10 is cast with the central, circularly extending bearing supporting flange 18, which'is machine-threaded on its inner face as indicated at 18", to adjustably receive the ball bearing cage or equivalent housing for the end of thel righthand hollow shaft end 19, as described more fully hereinafter; such cage or bearing housing co-operates with suitable means for adjusting the clearance between the two rotor members at a'treatment stage, as also is more fully described hereinafter.

. The left-hand frame plate 11' is similarly rovided with the central, circularly exteiidmg flange 20, which is similarly screwthreaded on its inner face, as indicated at 20, for adjustably receiving a ball bearing cage or housing for the left-hand shaft end 21 and for regulating the magnitude of the clearance between the two rotor members, as also-is more fully described hereinafter.

The three arms 13, 14,14 unite at their outer ends in the circularly extending boss 22 for receiving `the bearing 23, in which the right-hand end 24 of the shaft 25 for one of the rotor members is journalled.A The arms 15, 16 and 17 similarly `ioin at their outer ends in the circularly extending boss .26 for receiving the bearing 27, for the lefthand end 28 of the shaft 25.

The intermediate or central casing member 12 is preferably hollow to provide the inner passage 29for the circula-tion of a cooling iuid or. for a heating fluid, and appropriate inlet and outlet openings, 30, 31, see Fig. 2, are provided for the entry and -discharge of. such temperature regulating liuid.

' The casing as a whole is mounted on .any suitable base, but is preferably arranged to be adjustable to thereby afford a simple method of securing proper frictional engagement with the driving belts, upon the stretch or other change of length of the belts, namely, by displacin the casing and therewith the driven pu eys for the respective shafts 25, 19, relative to drive driving-motor or line of shafting or the-like. A preferred have suitable openingsforreceiving bolts.

for securing the base32 to a floor, platform or other suitable support. The upper face of the base plate 32 is machined to provide the grooved depression 35, see Fig. 1, into which is snugly received the bottom portion 3,6 of the central casing member 12. The oppositely disposed lateral flanges 37 of the bottom portion 36 are provided with openy ings for receiving the securing bolts 38,A see Fig.. 3. Upon unloosening t-he bolts 38, the bottom portion 36 of the intermediate casing member 12 is slidablejrelative to the upper face of the base member 32, and may be adjustably displaced in its position by any suitable mechanical means, such as the lagi plate l() about the shaft 25 and the rightopenings in the hand hollow shaft end 19 is closed by the annular plate 42, rabbeted at itsperipheral edge as indicated at 43 and carrying thel packing ring 44, adjustably held in position by the annular clamping ring 45 secured by its screws 46.

ln like manner, the central opening of the left-hand circular flange 20 of the left-hand end plate l1 is closed by the annular plate 4T rabbeted at its outer periphery as indicated at 4S and provided with a fluid seal in the form of a packing ring 49, held adjustably in position by the annular clamping ring secured by its screws 51.

The rotor members of the homogenizer are shown in Fig. 1 respectively as a hollow outer member formed of the mutually telescoping rotor elements 52, `53, the rotor element 52 being shown at the right and the rotor element 53 at the left. The telescoping mutually -engaging surfaces 54, 55, of the,

respective members 52, 53 are ground with corresponding taper to make a close machine fit to seal against fluid leakage; suitable means are provided for guiding the surfaces 54, 55 relative to one another upon the displacement of the body portions of the rotor elements toward and away from one another as the case may be by the clearance regulating after. One such form of such guiding? means is illustrated in the drawings and comprises a set of guide pins 56 tapped in suitable inwardly disposed flange face 5 4 of the rotor member 52, the heads of which pins 56 project within the openfixed in position means described more fully herein- 4 ended slotsl 57 in the outwardly disposed flange face 55 of the rotor member 53.

The inner rotor member may be of any suitable form providing for a plurality of surfaces, one of which serves as a surface for 'initial emulsifying stage and Ianother surface disposed' posteriorlyl of said one surface and for effecting a film or for extending the initially formed film at the subsequent or final emulsifying stage, said posterior surface being regulated in osition to thereby regulate the magnitude o the clearance between the inner rotor member and the outer rotor member. Thus, in the form of my invention as illustrated in F igs.v 1, 2 and 3, the inner rotor member comprises the substantially cylindrical body 60, see Fig. 2, having the central opening 61 for receiving its shaft 25,l to which it is secured by any suitable means, such as a spline 25, see Figa 1,' and preferably reinforced in securement to its shaft 25 by the tightening screws 62, extending through suitable Openings (33. The openings 63 are preferably located toward the central portion of the rotor body in the angular cut 64 extending concentrically with the center of the axis respectively on the rotor body 60 and substantially symmetrically with one another, thereby pre'- serving the center of rotation of the mass of the body 60 substantially co-incident with the geometrical center of the mass and in alignment with the cylindrical a'Xis of the rotor body 60. Such and similar precautions are advantageous in view of the high speed of rotation of the rotor body 60 desirable in carrying out my' invention and thereby affording a shearing stress of high magnitude between gredients to be homogenized. Y I

The rotor body 60 is further provided with a suitable passage for the flow of the ingredients to be homogenized from thel filling receptacle of the machine and Jradially therefrom by centrifugal action to the emul- )sifying clearances between the effective s-urfaces of the rotor member 60 and the surfaces of the outer rotor member 52, 53. In this/ instance,o the' filling receptacle is illustrated in the form of a U-tube 65, which is to the .cap ring 66; the cap ring 66 is secured 'by the screws 66a to the boss-26 and is lprovided with a packing ring 67 to liquid-seal the outer end 28 of the hollow shaft 25. The U-tube 65 communicates with the opening 68 of theV inner passage 69 of the hollow shaft 25, andA the ,communication is afforded from the passage 69 to the `rotor through the one or -more slots 70 eX- hollow shaft 25 and tending radially of the extending passages leading to the radially the opposite faces of v the particlefs of the in- .f

71 o-f the inner rotor member 60. Preferably, for reasons of symmetry set forth here- 70 effecting a film of the ingredients at the inabove, the passages 71 of the rotor are formed by casting the rotor body 60 in the form of two body portions, 60a, 60", each of a substantially cylindrical mass and joined to one another by the symmetrically disposed masses 72 and providing a set of clearances serving as the passages 71 for the flow of the mixture to be emulsified; the flow of the mixture is facilitated by the ensuing centrifugal force, thereby substantially overcoming the effect of gravity and providing for the substantially equal distribution of the mixture to and over the respective surfaces forming the initial and subsequent or final stages `of emulsification. L

The initial film formingsurface of the illustrated two-part 'rotor body 60, in this instance, is disposed at two locations, namely,

at the cylindrical periphery 72 of the rotor body 60a and' at the cylindrical periphery 7 of the rotor body 60", the length or the comaccordance wit bined length of such surfaces is selected in the proper design` of the two rotor elements 60b of the inner rotor inember'60. The magnitude of the clearance between the film forming surfaces 72, 73 and the inner acylindrical faces of the outer rotor members ,52, 53, respectively is determined by the proper selection of the radiiof the inner and outer rotor members.

.A subsequent, film forming passage, and the final film-forming passage inthe form of my invention illustratedin Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is provided by the clearances.respectively between the outer, flat circular faces 74, 75 o f the rotor bodies 60a, 60 andthe inner faces of the fiange 76 of the outer rotor member 52 and of the flange 77 of the outer rotor member 53'. The lengths of the flanges 76, 77 are substantially uniform and selected in he vperiod of emulsifying desired for the pa ticular mixtures charged .into the machine. The flanges 76, 77 extend radially toward the respective central portions of the outer rotor members 52, 53, and

in commercial embodiments of my invention, the effective length of the flange 76, 77 is determined by selecting the locations of the openings 78 serving as the discharges from 4the nal emulsifying stages.. In practice, the openings 78 are cast orcut in the otherwise imperforate bottoms constituting the flanges 76, 77 of`the cup-like shaped outer Y rotor member 52, 53g thus yielding a spiderlike formation of the respective rotor members 52, 53, terminating centrally in the enlarged hub portions 79, 80, respectively, with which the respective hollow shaft ends 19, 20 are respectively cast or otherwise united. Suitable provision is made for liquid seals between the respective-hubxportions 79, 80 and the shaft 25 of the inner rotor member I 60 by the packing rings 81, 82 clamped by the securing rings 83, 84, respectively. The

tated by the pulley 85, splined to its shaft 25 and driven' by a suitable belt from a motor or line of shafting. or equivalent. The outer end of the shaft 25 and its ball bearing 23 is protected by the ring plate 86, secured by the screws 87 to the boss 22.

` The regulation of the magnitude of th .clearance between the surfaces of the flange 7 6 and the flat circular face of the rotor 60? is attained by mounting the shaft end 19 and its ball bearing 88v within the hollow cage 89 -to thereby afford suitable means for displacing the shaft end 19 inwardly or cute` wardly as desired relative to the hub. fiange 18 of the casing 10. For such purpose, the cage 89 is threr. ded on its exterior cylindrical surface to mesh with the threading 18a of the hub flange 18 and the inwardly extending flange 90 is provided for the cage 89 to locate y the position of the inner face of the bearing 88;` further, I provide the outer ring 91 to serve to lock the bearing 88 to the shaft end 19. The arms 92, secured to the cage 89 afl ford means for rotating the same and therewith the bearing 88 relatively to the shaft 25 either inwardly or outwardly, that is to say, in either direction parallel to the axis of the shaft 25.- A retaining ring plate 93 may be positioned on the hb flange 18 by the screws 94 and provided with vsuitable openings 95 for receiving one or more pins 96 fc-r'locking the handles 92 and therewith the cage -89 in the desired setting of the magnitude of the clearance ofthe final emulsifying stage.

A similar construction is provided for regulating the magnitude of the clearance between the fiat circular face of the inner rotor member 60b and the inner face of the flange 77 of outer rotor member 53 and like parts are marked by like reference numbers The rotation' of the outer rotor members 52, 53 is eected jointly by means ofthe pulley 97 fixed tothe right-hand shaft end 19 and the consequent rotation of the left-hand lrotor member 53 by the frictional engagement between the flanges 54, 55, enhanced by the connecting tive guide slots 57.

pins 56 within their respecil The operation of my machine and the.

emulsified, the same is fed through the passage 69 of the shaft 25, thence through the passages 70, thence through the radial passages 71 between the inner rotor elements 60a, 60", by centrifugal force engendered upon rotating the inner -rotor members 60, 60", whereupon the mixture Hows over a twoway path afforded by the clearances between the respective cylindrical peripheries 72, 73 of the inner rotor members 60, 60 and. the

` outer flat facesof ture eis determined by the difference in rate inner cylindrical faces of the kouter rotor members 52, 53, respectively. Preferably, the pulley 85 of the inner rotor members 60, 60h, is rotated in one direction, namelyA by means of a straight belt from the motor or other driving source, and the outer rotor members 52, 53 jointly rotated iri the oppo site direction .by connecting its pulley 97 by a crossed belt from the same driving source, thereby attaining double speed of emulsiii- 'cation at a relatively slow motor speed and relatively slow rate of rotation of the shafts andtherewith connected parts of my machine. At the initial emulsifying stage, the thickness of the film is controlled by the magnitude of its clearance, as above stated. The period of subjection of the mixture at the initial emulsifying stage is controlled by the rate of flow therefrom to the subseuent or final emulsifying stage between the the rotor members 60a, 60"-, and the respective flanges 76, 77, as aforesaid and the latter is determined by the magnitude ofA the clearances as set by the regulating arms 92, 92a. provided on the faces of the retaining plates 93' to give a reading of the magnitude of the-clearance and also to facilitate equal setting for both final emulsifying stages. The iinal emulsion Wholly homogenized passes from the respective final emulsifying stages through the openings 78 exteriorly of the outer rotor members 52, 53, thence into the casing of the machine, and finally through the discharge 54a of the casing.

The degree of shearing force exerted upon the particles of the ingredients of the miX- of rotation of the inner and outer rotor members, thus affording the control of the degree of homogenizing in the production of the desired emulsion independently of the period of the emulsifying treatment effected in my machine.

In Figs. l4, 5 and 6, I have illustrated another form of my invention embodying two rotor members providing for an initial emulsifying stage and a subsequent emulsifying stage of adjustable clearance. In this form of my invention, the rotor members are preferably rotated in opposite directions, thereby attaining'relatively increased speeds of movement of the emulsifying surfaces at relatively low driving speeds of rotation of the respective rotor members, as above explained. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the inner rotor member comprises two rotor elements mounted on and driven by a common shaft and respectively adjustable relative to such driving shaft;`the inner rotor elements are 'disposed within an. outer rotor member of hollow formation.

Specifically, the machine illustrated in Figs. 45 and 6 embodies a casing substantially of the same form and construction as A scale or dial' may be.

shown at the right in Fig. 4, is provi Like reference numbers are applied in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 corresponding to like parts of Figs. 1, 2 and 3. l

The shaft 100, in this instance, is hollow throughout its length,that is to say, comrises in addition to the hollow passage 69 of the left-hand side of the shaft, leading to the discharge openings 70, the right-hand hollow passage 101 for receiving the rod 102, forming, as hereinafter set forth, an element of the common adjusting means for the ksettingof inner rotor elements 103, 104. The interior 101 of the hollow shaft 100 is preferably cast with the' enlargement 105 serving as a bearing for the rod102. As one form of mounting the set of rotor elements 103, 104 onthe shaft 100, I have illustrated each rotor element 103, 104, provided with a hub 106, secured thereto by the screws 107. Each hub 106, see Figs. 4 and 6, is recessed at 108 to receive the block 109 passing through the oppositely disposed recesses 110 of the holloweshaft 100; the sides of each block 109 snugly fits the faces of its recess 110, whereby the blocks 109 respec-y tively serve to rigidly connect the inner rotor elements 103, 104 with their common shaft 100. The shaft 100 is driven by its pulley 111 by a belt leading from a motor, shafting or the like.

The blocks 109 serve also as elements of the adjustable means for the inner rotor elements 103, 104, in determination of the clearance magnitude, for which purpose each block 109 is perforated with' an opening 112, see Fig. 6, which is threaded to respectively receive the opposite threadings 113, 114 of the adjusting rod 102, thus providing for the movement of the respective blocks 109 in opposite directions in their respective slots v110 in the hollow shaft 100 and thereby setting the rotor elements 103, 104 respectively in opposite directions of displacement axially of their common shaft 100. Suitable means are provided for turning the adjustin arm 102, as in the form vof the knurled head 115, see Figs. 4 and 5, to whicha suitable wrench may be applied. The rod 102 has its outer bearing through the opening 116 in the' plate 117 the plate 117 serves also as a retaining plate for the knurled head 115 of the rod 102, for which last-named. purpose the plate 117 is provided with the series of openings 118 for receiving the setting pin 119, which is slidably carried in a suitable opening120 in the knurled head 115. The plate`117, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 5, is secured by screws or equivalent to the hollow shaft 100. The rod 102 is provided with the Vwasher 121 bearing on one face of the ded.v with the set of arms 13, 14 for supporting ,the right-hand bearing of the shaft 100.

retaining plate 1,17 and the lknurled head 120 is provided with the enlargement 122` the outer `rotor member 123 are of generall spider formation, providing for the openings 125 set at determined distance for the discharge of the emulsiiied mixture from the region of emulsifying and thereby determining the time period 'of the emulsifying treatment. The emulsifiedy mixture is then led into the interior of the casing of the machine, from which is discharged through the outlet 54, similarly as in the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3,'r inclusive. The guard rings -126 secured by screws 127 to the respective hubsl 128 of the outer rotor member 123 serve to preclude the flow of the emulsified mixture to the bearings 129 for lthe oppositely extending shaft lends 130, 131 of the outerrotor member 123. The shaft end 13 0, appearing at the right in Fig. 4, is elongated to receive the pulley 132, splined thereto as indicated at 132". The pulley 132 is driven by a .belt of a motor,

or by a line of shafting or the like.

In the use of the machine illustrated in Fi s. 4, 5 and 6, the mixture to be emulsiiied is c arged into the receiving U-tube 65, from which it flows through the passage 69 of the shaft 100, thence through openings 70 of the shaft 100, through the spacing between the inner rotor elements 123, 1231*, by the resulting centrifugal force arising by the rotation of the inner rotor elements 123, 123", and thence by the dual path to the oppositely disposed clearances 134, 134 between t-he peripheral surfaces of the inner rotor elements 103 104 respectively and the inner surface of the outer cup-shaped rotor mem-` ber 1233. These clearances constitute the initial stages of emulsification-and are fixed in extent of magnitude as is determined in the design of the inner and outer rotor members in accordance with the character of emulsifying action to be carriedy out and the nature of the ingredients of the mixture to be emul-.

means of the co-ordinated parts described hereinabove comprising the common adjustable bar 102 and the connecting blocks 109. In the form of my invention shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the right-hand bearingl 129, p

as appears in Fig. 4, is enclosed in anv 4outer ring plate 135 and the left-hand bearing 129 is disposed Within the hub extension 136 of the left-hand side plate l1 of the casing, which also serves to enclose the bearing 27 for the left-hand end of the hollow shaft 100. The cap-ring 137 is secured'to the louter face of the hub extension 136 and carries the U-tube 65, fixed thereto by thebolts 138. The packing ring 139 is interposedv betweenl the U-'tube 65 and the cap-.ring 137 to prevent leakage ofthe mixture to be emulsified and to 'seal the lubricant ofthe left-hand bearing 129 and of the'bearing 27.

uThe parts of my various types of machines are formed of appropriate material;

I prefer bronze, Monel metal or steel as\the material of the parts which. are 'brought into contact with the liquids to be emulsiied, by reason of the non-corrosive properties of such metals forthe varlous mixtures l required 1n thevarious arts to be homogenized, It will be noted that the assembly and likewise the disassembly of the parts of my machine is of -a simple character thereby facilitating the cleansing of Ath'e parts upon the completion of any emulsifying operation.

To -bestow to any single machine the desired ranges of magnitudeof the variable emulsionv clearances, a set of therequired different sizes of outer rotor members -is provided, thusv affording the substitution of the outerrotor member having the de` sired `dimensions for attaining the character of emulsifc'ation and the desired time period of emulsifying treatment.

. By the provision ofA the two-part vinner rotor member I attain the increased surfacesv for the respective stages of emulsilication in a single colloid mill, without materially increasing the over-a1ldimensionsof the same and thereby substantially increasing the output per each colloid mill, Without sacriiicin the'eifectiveness of deriving a wholly io a single treatment through the mill. v,These results are in marked contrast to colloid mills of prior construction inv which the speed of passa-geef the' mixture tobe emulsiied is at a high rate, but which are unsuccessful for the reason that the resultant mixture is but partially emulsied and the material is required to be re-charged -into mogenized emulsion by the machine for further femulsificat-ion.-

Such prior art machines arealso defective commerciallyV for the' reason that there is fyingl treatment therein.

In further Ydistinction from the prior art vmachines and the prior art methods of emulsif'ication, it will be noted that the present invention provides for the feeding by centrifugal'force applied to -the mixture to be emulsied and the period of treatment, including the total area of surfaces on. which the film of the mixture is formed and at which the emulsification action takes place, is controlled by a regulatable counter-centrifugal force applied to the finally emulsified mixture. The magnitude of the counter-centrifugal force is regulated by determining the location of the discharge of the emulsified mixture from the final emulsifying stage.

1t will further be observed that the-rate of discharge of the, emulsified mixture through the outlet of the casing is enhanced by th'e centrifugal force applied to the emulsied mixture by the outer rotor member.

From another view point, the present invention provides for a path of a general U-shape, the centrifugal force of feeding being fapplied along thepoition of the U- shaped path represented by one ofthe stems ofthe U and the counter-centrifugal force is applied to the opposite stem of the U- shaped path, the latter-named stein being of less length `than the first-named stein, the difference inlength determining the difference of the centrifugal force andthe counter-centrifugal force respectively applied.

`The magnitude of the clearances for thev respective initial, subsequent and final emulsif'ying stages is varied as desired, the range of clearance as measured in inches being usually comprised within theA range from eight to fifteen one thousandtlis of an inch, as will appear to those skilled in the art from the hereinabove described disclosure.

In view of the high speeds of rotation, the rotor members may be formed to have the major part of their body portions of vone another, each of said rotor relatively light material such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, electron metal or the like and the portions thereof which are exposed to the mixture to be emulsied may be faced with Monel metal 0r the like.o

Whereas, I have described my invention by reference to specific forms thereof, it will modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

i. in a coiioid min, .the Combination of an n inner rotor member comprising two vsubstantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from elements comv prising a set of emulsifying surfaces arranged at an angle to one, another, common shaft 'means for rotating said inner rotor elements, said shaft means including a -holbe understood that many changes and i low portion serving as a passage for the {iow of the mixture to be emulsii'ed to the space between said rotor elements, a member having .sets of inner surfaces arranged at an angle to one another coacting respectively with emulsiiying surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances and means for supporting said member. r

2. In a colloid mill, the combination 'of an inner rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another, each of said rotor elements comprising a set of emulsifying surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft means for rotating said inner rotorelements, said shaft means including a hollow portion serving as a passage for the flow of the mixture to be emulsitied to the space between said rotor elements, a member having sets of inner surfaces arranged at an angle to 'one another coacting respectively with emulsifying surfaces .of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances and means for adjusting said member to thereby adj ust the relative positions of certain of said inner surfaces of said member to thereby reg/iilate the magnitude of the emulsifying clearance.

In afcolloid mill, the combination ofl 4an inner rotor-member comprising two sub.-

stantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another', each of said rotor elements comprising a set of emulsifying surfaces arrangedat an angle to one another, common vshaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, said shaft means including a hollow portion serving as a passage for the iow of the mixture to be emulsified to the space between said rotor elements, a member having "sets of inner surfaces arranged to an angle to one another coacting respectively with said emulsifying surfaces of said rotor 'tially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another, each of said rotor elements comprising a set of emulsifying surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, said shaft means including a hollow portion serving as a passage for the How of the mixture to be emulsified to the space between'said rotorfelements, a member having sets of innei surfaces arranged to an angle to one another coacting respectively with emulsifying surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means for said member, said supporting supporting 4 means comprising a hollow shaft surround ing said common shaft means, and means for rotating said hollow shaft in a direction ing a cylindrical surface and a flat surface respectively disposed in spaced relation to and coacting with said "cylindrical surface 'and said Ifiat surface of said linner rotor member to form a plurality of sequentiallyA related emulsifying clearances, means .for

supportingl'said outer member, said supporting means including a hollow flange surrounding said rotating means and means for regulating the position o f said outer member relative to'said rotor member to thereby regulate the magnitude of the emulsifying clearance between said flat surface of said rotor member and said Hat surface of said outer member.

6. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member having` a cylindrical periphery'and a flat surface, means for rotating said rotor member, said rotating means comprising a shaft having a hollowoportidn serving as a passage for the How of a mixture to be emulsified, an outer member having a cylindrical surface and a flat surface respectively disposed in spaced relation to and coacting with said cylindrical surface and said flat surface of said inner rotorsupporting said outer member, said supportmg means comprising a hollow flange surrounding said shaft and means for adjusting the relative positions of said' rotor member and said outer member to thereby adjust the magnitude of the emulsifying, clearance be.- tween said flat surface of said rotor member and said flat surface of said outer member.

7. In a colloid mill, the combi-nation of an inner rotor member having a cylindrical periphery and a flat surface, means for rotating said rotor member, an outer member j having a cylindrical surface and a fiat' surface respectively disposed in spaced relation to and coactmg with said cylindrical surlface and said flat surface of said inner rotor member to forma plurality of sequentially related emulsifymg clearances, means for supporting said outer member, said supportlng means comprising a hollow shaft sur rounding saidl rotating means and means for rotating said hollow shaft.

8. In a collold mill, the combination of an inner rotor member having a cylindrical pe--`- rlphe'ry and a fiat surface,means for rotating said rotor member, anuter member havying acylindrica'l surface and a flat surfacerelated emulsifying clearances,` means for supporting said outer member, said supporting means comprising a hollow shaft surrounding said rotating means and means for rotating said hollow shaft in a direction 0pposite to that of said inner rotor member.

9. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member having a plurality of surfaces arranged at an langle to one auother, a shaft for rotatin the same, an` outer rotor member having a p urality of surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, and shaft means for. rotatingv said outer rotor means, said shaft means comprising hollow shaft elements respectively surrounding said shaft of said vinner rotor member.

10. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member having a`\plurality of surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, a shaft for rotating the same, an`outer rotor member having a plurality of surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, said\ shaft comprising a hollow portion serving as a passage for the flow of the mixture to.

be emulsifie'd and shaft means for rotating said outer rotor means, said shaft means comprising hollow shaft elements respec tively surrounding inner rotor member,

11. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member having a plurality of surfaces arranged -at an angle to one another, said inner rotor member comprising a pluralityv of rotor elements spaced from one another, a common shaft for rotating the same, an outer rotor member having a plurality of surfaces arrangedvat an angle to'one another, said shaft comprising a hollow portion serving as a passagefor the flow of the mixture to be emulsied and shaft means for rotating said outer rotor means, said shaft means comprising` hollow shaft elements respectively surrounding said shaft of said inner rotor member.

12. The combination of an inner' rotor member, shaft means for rotating the same,

with said shaft of said an outer rotor member comprising relatively,

adjustable rotor elements respectively having surfaces spaced from and coacting with surfaces of said inner lrotor member to form a plurality of emulsifying clearances and means for regulating the positions of said adjustable, rotor elements to thereby adjust the magnitude of the emulsifying clearances.

13. The combination of` an inner rotor a pair of rotor elements spaced from one another, shaft means for rotating' the same, an outer rotor member ycomprising relatlvely adjustable rotor elements respectively having surfaces spaced from and coacting with surfaces of said inner rotor elements respectively to form a plurality of emulsifying clearances and means for regulating the positions of said adjustable rotor elements to member, said inner rotor member lcomprising one another corresponding to thereby adjust the magnitude of the einul- I sifying clearances.

14. The combination of an inner rotor member, said inner rotor member comprising a pairof rotor elements spaced from one another, shaft means for rotating the saine, said shaft means including a hollow portion serving as a passage for the flowof the mixture to be emulsified therethrough to the space between said rotor elements, an outer rotor member comprising relatively adjustable rotor elements respectively having surfaces spaced from and coacting with surfaces of said inner rotor elements respectively to form a plurality of emulsifying clearances and means for regulating the positions 0f said adjustable rotor elements to thereby adjust the magnitude of the emulsifying clearances.

15. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another to provide a radial passage therebetween, each rotor element having. two surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft ineans'for rotating said inner rotor elements,l an outer rotor member having inner surfaces arranged at an angle to said aforesaid angle and coacting with said surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means for supporting said outer rotor member, said support-ing means comprising hollow shaft means surrounding said common shaft means, means for rotating said hollow shaft means, and means for adjusting the relative positions of said rotor elements and said outer rotor member to thereby adjust the magnitude of certain of said emulsifying clearances.

16. In a colloidmill, the combination of an inner rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another to provide aradial passage therebetween, each rotor element having two surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, said shaft means in-V cluding a hollow portion serving as a passage for the iiow of the mixture to be einulsified to said radial passage between said rotor elements, an outer rotor member having inner surfaces arranged atan angle. to one another corresponding to said aforesaid angle and coacting with said surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means for supporting said outer rotor member, said supporting means comprising hollow shaft means surrounding said common shaft means, means for rotating said hollow shaft means, and means -for adjusting the relative positions of said rotor elements. and said outer rotor member to thereby. adjust the magnitude of certain of said emulsifying clearances.

`the relative positions of relative positions of 17. In a colloid mill, the combination an inner rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate iotoielements spaced from one another to provide a radial passage therebetween, each rotor element having two surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, an outer rotor member having inner sui-faces arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to said aforesaid angle and coacting with said surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means for supporting said outer rotoil member, said supporting meanscompiising hollow shaft means surrounding said common shaft means, bearing means interposed betweensaid hollow shaft means and said common shaft means, means for rotating said hollow shaft means, and means for adjusting the relative positions of said rotor elements and said outer rotor member to thereby adjust the magnitude of certain of said emulsifying clearances.

18. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner' rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate rotor elements spaced from one another to provide a radial passage therebetween, each rotor element having two'surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, cominon shaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, an outer rotor member having inner surfaces arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to said aforesaid angle and eoacting with said surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means for supporting said outer rotor member, said supporting means comprising hollow shaft means surrounding said common shaft means, 4means for rotating said hollow shaft means, meansfor adjusting said rotor elements and said outer rotor member to thereby adjust the magnitude of certain of said emulsifying clearances and al casing for enclosing said inner rotor elements and said outer rotor member.

19. In a colloid mill, the combination of an inner rotor member comprising two substantially duplicate-#rotor elments spaced from one another surfaces arranged at an angle to one another, common shaft means for rotating said inner rotor elements, an outer rotor member having inner surfaces arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to said aforesaid angle and coacting with said surfaces of said rotor elementsv to form emulsifying clearances, means for supporting said outer rotor member, said supporting means comprising hollow shaft means surrounding said common shaft means, means for rotating said hollow shaft means, means for adjusting the said rotor elements and saidouter rotor-member to thereby adjust to provide a radial passage therebetween, each rotor element having two v said inner rotor elements, an outer rotor member having inner .surfaces arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to said aforesaid angle and coacting with said surfaces of said rotor elements to form emulsifying clearances, means -for supporting said. outer rotor member, said supporting means comprising hollow shaft means sur# .rounding said common shaft means, bearing means interposed between said hollow-shaft means and said co mon shaft means, means .for rotating saidhollow shaft means,means for adjusting the relative positions of said rotor elements and said outer rotor member to Jthereby adjust the magnitude of certain of said emulsifying clearances and a casing enclosing said inner rotor elements and said outer'rotor member and carrying said bearing means.

21. In a colloid mill, a casing; a rotor member disposed in said casing and having a substantially flat face serving as an emulsifying surface ashaft for rotating said rotor member; a second rotor member disposed in saidcasing'an'd having a substantially fiat face arranged to be disposed in adjacent relation to the' substantially flat face of said rst-named rotor member to serve as emulsifying surfaces; means for leading the liquid to be emulsified within the interior of said casingl to the outer peripheries of said rotor members; shaft means for rotating said second-named rotor member in a direction "opposite to that of said first-named rotor member; and adjustable means for regulating the effective spac.- ing between said substantially fiat faces to thereby regulate the de lee of emulsilication l of the liquid. by said su stantially at faces.

' said rotor member;

22,'In a colloid mill, a casing; a rotor member disposed in said casing and having a substantially annular fiat face serving as an emulsifying surface; a shaft for rotating a second rotor inember disposed in said casingv and having a Vsubstantially annular flat .face arranged to .be disposed in adjacent relation to the sub-l member to serve as emulsifying surl aces;

stantially flat face of said iirst-namedotor means for leading the liquid to be e i ulsified within the interior of said casing to the outer peripheries of said rotor members; be .shaft *new for .rotating Said second-named leading the liquid to vbe lemulsiied fying surface; a shaft for rotating said rotor member; a second rotor member disposed in said casing andv having a substantially'fiat face arranged to bedisposed inadjacent relation to the substantially fiat face ofSaid first-named rotor member to serve aspemulsifying surfaces; means for leading the liquid to be emulsified within the interior of said casing to the outer peripheries of said rotor members, shaft means for rotating said second-named rotor member in a direction opposite to that of said first-named rotor member; and adjustable means co-operating with said shaft means for regulating the effective spacing. between said substan-4 tially flat faces to thereby regulate the degree of emulsiiication of the ,liquid by said substantially flat faces. 24. In a colloid mill, a' casing; a ,rotor member disposed in said casing and having a substantially annular flat face serving as an emulsifying surface; a shaft for rotating said rotor member; a second rotor member disposed in `Isaid casing and having a substantially annular fiat face arrangedl to be disposed in adjacent relation to the substantially fiat face of said first-named rotor member to serve as emulsiiying surfaces; means for leading the liquidi-to be emulsified within the interior of said casing to the outer peripheries of' said rotore members; shaft meansfor rotatiiig'said second-named rotor member in a direction opposite to that of said first-named rotor member.; and adjustable means co-operatin'g with said shaft means for regulating the leffective spacing between said substantially fiat faces to thereby regulate the degree of emulsiication of the -liquid by said substantially ilat faces.

25. In al colloid mill, a casing; a rotormember disposed in said casing and having a substantially at face serving as an emulsifying surface; a shaft `for rotating saidrotor member; a. second rotor member disposed in said casing and having a substantially flatfacearranged to be disposed in face of said first-named rotor-memberv toI serve as emulsifying surfaces; means forl within the interior of said casing .tothe outer peripheries -o'f said rotor members; shaft-.meansl forrotating said second-named rotor mem# r in a direction opposite to that of said first-named rotor member; means for-with- 'adjacent relation to the'r substantially fiati drawinof the emulsiied liquid from a4 substantially central port-ion of said casing; and adjustable means (so-operating with said shaft means for regulating the efective spacing between said substantially flat facesV to thereby regulate the degree-of emulsifcation of the liquid by said substantially at faces. f

26. vIn a col1oid mill,- a'casing; a rotor memberdisposed in said casing and having a substantially annular flat face serving as an/"emulsifying surface; a shaft for rotating l said rotor member; la second .rotor member ydisposed in said casing and having a substantial'ly annular Hat face arranged to be disposed in adjacent relation to the substantially flat face :of said lfirst-named rotor member to serve as emulsifying surfaces;

means for leading the liquid to be emulsiiedv Within the interior of said easing to the outer peripheries of said 'rotor members; shaft means for rotating said second-named rotor member in a direction opposite ytoy that of said first-named rotor member; lmeans for Vwithdrawing the emulsiied liquid from, a substantiall central portion of said casing; and adjusta le means co-operating with said shaft' means for regulating the effective spacing between said substantially flat faces to thereby regulate the degree of emulsiication of the liquid by said substantially flat faces.'

In testimony whereof I have signed this day of December, 1925.

specification this 12th LOUIS A. MOLIN. 

